Scientific Reference
Kisspeptin
Evidence profile: Predominantly preclinical
Kisspeptin is a family of neuropeptides encoded by the KISS1 gene that acts as a master regulator of the reproductive system. It potently stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, making it essential for puberty initiation, fertility, and reproductive function. Research explores its therapeutic potential for infertility, low libido, and reproductive disorders. The compound exists in several active isoforms (KP-10, KP-13, KP-14, KP-54), all derived from a 145 amino acid precursor protein. Kisspeptin-54 is the predominant circulating form and the most studied in clinical settings, while Kisspeptin-10 represents the minimal active fragment retaining full receptor binding activity.
Mechanism of Action
Kisspeptin binds to GPR54/KISS1R receptors on GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, triggering pulsatile release of GnRH. This stimulates pituitary secretion of LH and FSH, which in turn promote gonadal steroid production and reproductive function. The downstream LH surge drives testosterone synthesis in males and supports follicular maturation and ovulation in females.
Molecular Information
- Type: Neuropeptide (KISS1-derived hormone)
- Length: 54 amino acids
- Molecular weight: 1302.4 g/mol
- Molecular formula: C63H83N17O14