Scientific Reference
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val)
Evidence profile: Predominantly preclinical
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a tripeptide derived from the C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Unlike the parent hormone, KPV retains potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity without inducing melanogenesis or pigmentation. It has been investigated for its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways at the cellular level, with particular relevance to inflammatory bowel disease, dermatological conditions, and systemic inflammation. Its small size enables efficient cellular penetration and direct interaction with intracellular signaling pathways.
Mechanism of Action
KPV penetrates cells and directly inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways, particularly NF-κB at the nuclear level. This reduces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. It also exhibits selective antimicrobial activity while preserving beneficial microbiota, contributing to its effects in inflammatory and gastrointestinal contexts.
Molecular Information
- Type: Tripeptide (α-MSH fragment)
- Length: 3 amino acids